Smart biomaterials possess the capability to respond to specific cellular signals. Whether metallic or polymeric in origin, biodegradable or not, they each act in a specific way, due to their bulk or surface characteristics. From a clinical standpoint, they offer many advantages, with particular impact on implanted devices that exhibit sensing and actuation capabilities. These effects can be used separately or together, to combine sensing and actuation in response to environmental conditions. Thanks to our international networking, the LIAB has now widened its activities to numerous shape memory materials including NiTi, single crystal SMAs, β-titanium, nickel-manganese-gallium (NiMnGa) alloys, shape memory polymers, magnetic materials and nanomaterials.