Computer Engineering and Software Engineering: What’s the Difference?
Computer engineering and software engineering both provide a common foundational training in software analysis and design.
- However, computer engineering places much greater emphasis on hardware, specifically embedded systems and digital electronics.
- In contrast, software engineering focuses more on the software development lifecycle, particularly validation, verification, requirements, and software specifications.
Common points of both programs:
- The first two terms are identical, allowing you to switch programs without penalty up to the third term. You will have time to explore and confirm your choice.
- 70% of the courses are common to both programs.
- Both programs prepare you for exciting and well-paid careers in a rapidly growing sector.
Computer Engineering or Software Engineering: How to Choose?
The computer engineering and software engineering programs develop shared competencies in computer systems architecture and software design. Both include courses in operating systems, web application development, computer networks and cybersecurity, as well as common integrative projects in the first and second years. They lead to similar career opportunities. However, the computer engineering and software engineering programs allow students to further specialize in the aspects of computing and software that interest them most.
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Role of the Computer Engineer
Modern technological equipment and devices have software and hardware components that are sometimes so closely intertwined that it is almost impossible to separate them: measurement and data acquisition devices, process control, electronic fuel injection systems, aircraft flight control systems, etc. Moreover, our society is increasingly information-driven: everywhere, computers communicate with each other over networks of all kinds. Software is becoming more and more complex, and both its creation and maintenance require specialized skills. Computer engineers must integrate knowledge and abilities related to both hardware and software in order to tackle problems and find effective, high-performance, cost-efficient, and socially acceptable solutions—particularly in system architecture, embedded systems, digital electronics, and networking.
They are interested in the computer as a tool. By considering both the hardware and software aspects, they oversee the design and implementation of systems used to receive, store, process, transmit, present, and use information.
Here are the skills required of a computer engineer:
- Understanding of the foundations and fundamental principles of computer science.
Above all, the goal is to train a computer engineer who can perform effectively in industry over the next thirty years. By relying on solid theoretical foundations, this knowledge enables the computer engineer to adapt to rapid technological changes. Over time, the computer engineer must become self-taught. - Ability to build personal discipline and act with maturity and experience.
This also refers to an individual’s ability to exercise effective self-management. - Mastery of a broad body of knowledge (versatility).
The computer engineer must possess scientific, technical, economic, social, and human knowledge. They cannot practice their profession without being aware of the human context in which it operates and without being open to major contemporary issues. Knowledge of other engineering disciplines is also an important asset. - Ability to solve often complex technological problems.
The primary quality of a computer engineer is the ability to abstract. Starting from a complex problem, they must be able to extract the essentials and model it. They must then have sufficient knowledge and creativity to propose effective, high-performance, cost-efficient, and socially acceptable solutions. In seeking solutions, they may sometimes combine new technologies with much older ones. This leads to problems that are often unprecedented. - Ability to work in a team, listen, lead, and motivate.
The computer engineer must not only be able to work in a team but also have enough leadership to motivate and guide it. This requires, among other things, excellent oral and written communication skills. They must also be able to monitor the design process, which again requires abstraction skills. - Open-mindedness and critical thinking.
Being attentive to concerns about the protection of people, life, and the environment, and more generally to collective well-being. The computer engineer must view engineering from a humanistic and social perspective. They must be aware of their role and responsibilities and develop an open and critical mindset.
Training in computer engineering develops strong fundamental technological and scientific knowledge as a specialist in information processing.
This program is for you if:
- You enjoy understanding how computers work from the inside
- You are fascinated by circuits, networks, and embedded systems
- You want to work on diverse projects involving both hardware and software
- You are interested in artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and computer networks
Become a versatile expert capable of designing complete computer systems, from electronic circuitry to software.
Graduate employment rate after 12 months1 : 100%
Average annual salary2 : $131,839
Main job titles: Software Designer ■ Computer Systems Designer ■ Systems Integrator ■ Software Developer ■ Programmer-Analyst ■ Web Programmer ■ Technical Support Expert ■ Embedded Systems Testing Specialist
Main employers: Engineering consulting firms ■ Service companies ■ Manufacturing industry ■ Telecommunications manufacturers ■ Software design companies
1 Survey conducted among 2023–2024 graduates by Polytechnique Montréal’s Internship and Employment Service.
2 © Genium360, Compensation of Engineering Professionals in Quebec | 2023–2024 Survey Report [genium360.ca/survey].
Role of the Software Engineer
Software engineering applies engineering principles and techniques to the design of integrated, large-scale software systems. The software engineer must master computer science theory and methods. Although software engineers have a broad background in computer hardware, they specialize in the design, maintenance, and development of software systems and products. They are generally responsible for the development and management of large-scale projects where public safety, as well as the maintenance and evolution of software systems, are of paramount importance. In March 2001, the Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec officially recognized software engineering as a specialization.
In addition to the administrative tasks inherent in overseeing any engineering project within their field of practice, the software engineer must be able to perform the following specific professional tasks:
- Analyze and specify the needs and requirements for the development of a software product or software system;
- Design software while ensuring first and foremost the public interest, and then that of clients, based on specifications that meet identified needs;
- Develop software products or software-based systems in accordance with appropriate professional standards;
- Ensure through adequate testing that software products comply with stated specifications;
- If necessary, oversee software maintenance and certification.
The supervision of these activities must take place within a framework of cost and resource planning.
Here are the skills required of a software engineer:
-
Understanding of the foundations and fundamental principles of computer science.
Above all, the goal is to train an engineer who can perform effectively in industry over the next thirty years. By relying on solid theoretical foundations, this knowledge enables the software engineer to adapt to rapid technological change. Over time, the software engineer must become self-taught; -
Ability to build personal discipline and act with maturity and experience.
This also refers to an individual’s ability to exercise effective self-management. The software engineer must practice the engineering profession with professionalism; -
Mastery of a broad body of knowledge (versatility).
The software engineer must possess scientific, technical, economic, social, and human knowledge. Knowledge of other engineering disciplines is an important asset, as they must solve complex problems across diverse and specialized application domains; -
Understanding and mastery of standardized models and techniques.
The software engineer must understand and apply standardized models and techniques that enable the analysis and identification of issues related to the design, development, verification, validation, and deployment of software products; -
Ability to solve often complex technological problems.
The software engineer must quickly become familiar with the application domain and carry out the critical assessment required to produce a solution that meets client needs. This highlights leadership, negotiation skills, and the ability to synthesize information in order to clarify requirements; -
Ability to work in a team, plan, and manage projects.
They must be able to work effectively both independently and as part of a team to develop high-quality software products. This involves strong communication skills and the ability to meet deadlines. The software engineer must not only work well in a team but also have sufficient leadership to motivate and guide it; -
Open-mindedness, creativity, and critical thinking.
The software engineer must be able to find acceptable trade-offs that make it possible to design feasible software, taking into account available resources, whether financial, time-related, or human.
Training in software engineering develops skills in the analysis, design, and testing of large-scale software systems. It leads to working with the latest technologies in cutting-edge application domains and to becoming responsible for all phases of software product development.
This program is for you if:
- You enjoy solving complex problems through programming
- You are interested in developing applications and websites
- You want to learn how to manage large software projects in a team setting
- You are interested in best development practices and user experience
Become a specialist in software development, mastering the latest methodologies and technologies.
Graduate employment rate after 12 months1 : 99%
Average annual salary2 : $131,839
Main job titles: Systems Software Designer ■ Mobile Application Developer ■ Software Developer ■ Programmer
Main employers: Software design companies ■ Engineering consulting firms ■ Service companies
1 Survey conducted among 2023–2024 graduates by Polytechnique Montréal’s Internship and Employment Service.
2 © Genium360, Compensation of Engineering Professionals in Quebec | 2023–2024 Survey Report [genium360.ca/survey].
Whether you choose computer engineering or software engineering, you will benefit from:
- Cutting-edge training focused on innovation
- Hands-on projects inspired by real industry challenges
- Internship opportunities with leading technology companies
A world-class institution of excellence
Join a world-class engineering school, recognized for the quality of its education and its leadership in research.
A stimulating technological environment
Take advantage of state-of-the-art laboratories, smart classrooms, and collaborative workspaces designed to foster innovation.
A dynamic student life
Immerse yourself in a diverse and passionate student community in the heart of Montreal. Enjoy comprehensive on-campus facilities: a modern sports center, medical clinic, student residences, and a rich cultural program.
Personalized support
Benefit from tailored guidance and continuous support throughout your journey, thanks to dedicated and experienced academic teams.
Concrete opportunities
- Paid internships with leading technology companies
- Participation in innovative research projects
- Access to an extensive professional network
- Opportunities for international study
By choosing Polytechnique Montréal, you are opting for a prestigious engineering education and a rewarding student experience in a dynamic metropolis recognized as a major hub for digital technologies.
