Description
Study of the concept and operation of optical sensors and imaging in commercial and industrial applications. Review of the basics of optics, fiber optics, optoelectronics, and optical components (e.g., Bragg gratings). Physical mechanisms of interaction with light: mechanical losses, thermo-optic effect, optical path difference (phase difference), Faraday effect, Doppler effects, beam deflection, plasmonic resonance, Raman and Brillouin scattering, spectral fluorescence/absorption, and nonlinear effects. Measurement methods: amplitude and phase measurements (interferometric), polarimetric measurement, spectral measurements. Examples of local sensors and comparison with their electronic equivalents. Concept and operation of plasmonic sensors. Concepts and operation of spectral measurements (spectrometer, FTIR, LIBS). Concepts of quasi-distributed and distributed sensors, their advantages, and applications. Theory and method of 3D shape measurement by distributed fiber optic sensors. Distributed temporal and frequency measurement methods: Raman and Brillouin inelastic scattering (ROTDR, BOTDA, BOTDR, BOFDR) and Rayleigh elastic scattering or Bragg gratings (OFDR, cOTDR). Non-scanning machine vision systems, their operation, and limitations: amplitude, thermal, hyperspectral, and phase imaging. LIDAR scanning imaging system: operation, limitations, distance measurement methods, and comparison with RADAR system (using radio frequencies).