Description
Examination of the tools used to probe the molecular machines that perform essential functions in nature. Discussions about instruments and bioanalytical techniques including fluorescence microscopy, single-molecule imaging: super-resolution and particle tracking, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), correlation spectroscopy (FCS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and optical tweezers. Discussions about re-engineered biological components such as synthetic nucleotides, DNA and RNA aptamers, centrifugal microscopes, production and application of synthetic cells. Proposition of new instruments for urgent needs based on the design principles from these tools. A basic overview of biological cells and components.