Fu, Z., Aghdam, N. C., Nekoeian, S., He, J., Cheng, L., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Chao, J., Wei, X., Rui-xu, W., Nagda, B., Zhang, Y., Ma, Z., Ellis, N., Bi, X., Smith, K. J., Lim, J., Legros, R., & Duo, W. (2024). Hot syngas cleanup for pilot two-stage fluidized bed steam-oxygen biomass gasification plant. Bioresource Technology, 131876-131876.
Directory of Experts
Legros, Robert

Directory of Experts
Legros, Robert
Directory of Experts
Publications by type
Journal article (59)
Conference paper (34)
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Book chapter (1)
Patent (4)
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Robert Legros (98)
- Journal articles (59)
- 2024
Journal article Journal article Fontaine, L., Legros, R., & Frayret, J.‐M. (2024). Solid waste generation prediction model framework using socioeconomic and demographic factors with real-time MSW collection data. Waste Management & Research, 15 pages.Journal article Fontaine, L., Legros, R., & Frayret, J.-M. (2024). Sustainability and environmental performance in selective collection of residual materials: impact of modulating citizen participation through policy and incentive implementation. Resources, 13(11), 151 (27 pages).
- 2023
Journal article Provost-Savard, A., Legros, R., & Majeau-Bettez, G. (2023). Parametrized regionalization of paper recycling life-cycle assessment. Waste Management, 156, 84-96.
- 2022
Journal article Tanguay-Rioux, F., Provost-Savard, A., Spreutels, L., Héroux, M., & Legros, R. (2022). A method for assessing the performance of sorting unit operations in a material recovery facility based on waste characterizations. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 100(9), 2572-2586.Journal article Van Engeland, C., Spreutels, L., Legros, R., & Haut, B. (2022). Comprehensive analysis of intermittent drying. A theoretical approach. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 131, 86-101.Journal article Tanguay-Rioux, F., Spreutels, L., Héroux, M., & Legros, R. (2022). Mixed modeling approach for mechanical sorting processes based on physical properties of municipal solid waste. Waste Management, 144, 533-542.
- 2021
Journal article Van Engeland, C., Aujard, M., Rabineau, J., Spreutels, L., Legros, R., & Haut, B. (2021). Evolution of the quality of bakers yeast pellets containing a carrier during their convective drying. Drying Technology, 40(11), 2396-2403.Journal article Tanguay-Rioux, F., Legros, R., & Spreutels, L. (2021). On the limits of empirical partition coefficients for modeling material recovery facility unit operations in municipal solid waste management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 293, 126016 (13 pages).Journal article Tanguay-Rioux, F., Héroux, M., & Legros, R. (2021). Physical properties of recyclable materials and implications for resource recovery. Waste Management, 136, 195-203.Journal article Urtnowski-Morin, C., Tanguay-Rioux, F., Legros, R., & Spreutels, L. (2021). Upgrading waste material flow analysis with process models: The case of anaerobic digestion. Journal of Cleaner Production, 298, 11 pages.
- 2020
Journal article Spreutels, L., Héroux, M., & Legros, R. (2020). A spatial-and-scale-dependent model for predicting MSW generation, diversion and collection cost based on dwelling-type distribution. Detritus, 12, 3-11.Journal article Tanguay-Rioux, F., Legros, R., & Spreutels, L. (2020). Particle size analysis of municipal solid waste for treatment process modeling. Waste Management and Research, 38(7), 783-791.Journal article Viau, S., Majeau-Bettez, G., Spreutels, L., Legros, R., Margni, M., & Samson, R. (2020). Substitution modelling in life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management. Waste Management, 102, 795-803.
- 2019
Journal article Groleau, G., Tanguay-Rioux, F., Spreutels, L., Héroux, M., & Legros, R. (2019). Development of a MSW gasification model for flexible integration into a MFA-LCA framework. Detritus, 7, 44-54.
- 2018
Journal article Van Engeland, C., Spreutels, L., Legros, R., & Haut, B. (2018). Convective drying of baker's yeast pellets containing a carrier. Drying Technology, 37(11), 1405-1417.
- 2016
Journal article Asiedu-Boateng, P., Legros, R., & Patience, G. S. (2016). Attrition resistance of calcium oxide-copper oxide-cement sorbents for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture. Advanced Powder Technology, 27(2), 786-795.Journal article Spreutels, L., Haut, B., Legros, R., Bertrand, F., & Chaouki, J. (2016). Experimental Investigation of Solid Particles Flow in a Conical Spouted Bed Using Radioactive Particle Tracking. AICHE Journal, 62(1), 26-37.Journal article Spreutels, L., Chaouki, J., Bertrand, F., Haut, B., & Legros, R. (2016). Gas residence time distribution in a conical spouted bed. Powder Technology, 290, 62-71.
- 2015
Journal article Harvey, V. C., Farand, P., Legros, R., & Tavares, J. R. (2015). On the average perception of perceived averages. Education for Chemical Engineers, 12, 12-19.
- 2014
Journal article Spreutels, L., Haut, B., Chaouki, J., Bertrand, F., & Legros, R. (2014). Conical Spouted Bed Drying of Baker's yeast: experimentation and multi-modeling. Food Research International, 62, 137-150.
- 2013
Journal article Wang, C., Peng, J., Li, H., Bi, X. T., Legros, R., Lim, C. J., & Sokhansanj, S. (2013). Oxidative torrefaction of biomass residues and densification of torrefied sawdust to pellets. Bioresource Technology, 127, 318-325.
- 2012
Journal article Li, H., Liu, X., Legros, R., Bi, X. T., Lim, C. J., & Sokhansanj, S. (2012). Pelletization of Torrefied Sawdust and Properties of Torrefied Pellets. Applied Energy, 93, 680-685.Journal article Li, H., Liu, X., Legros, R., Bi, X. T., Lim, C. J., & Sokhansanj, S. (2012). Torrefaction of Sawdust in a Fluidized Bed Reactor. Bioresource Technology, 103(1), 453-458.
- 2011
Journal article Bakhtiari, B., Fradette, L., Legros, R., & Paris, J. (2011). A model for analysis and design of H2O-LiBr absorption heat pumps. Energy Conversion and Management, 52(2), 1439-1448.
- 2010
Journal article Bakhtiari, B., Fradette, L., Legros, R., & Paris, J. (2010). Opportunities for the integration of absorption heat pumps in the pulp and paper process. Energy, 35(12), 4600-4606.Journal article Bakhtiari, B., Fradette, L., Legros, R., & Paris, J. (2010). Retrofit of Absorption Heat Pumps Into Manufacturing Processes: Implementation Guidelines. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 88(5), 839-848.
- 2008
Journal article Poulin, F., Jacquemart, R., De Crescenzo, G., Jolicoeur, M., & Legros, R. (2008). A Study of the Interaction of Hek-293 Cells With Streamline Chelating Adsorbent in Expanded Bed Operation. Biotechnology Progress, 24(1), 279-282.
- 2007
Journal article Bouffard, J., Dumont, H., Bertrand, F., & Legros, R. (2007). Optimization and Scale-up of a Fluid Bed Tangential Spray Rotogranulation Process. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 335(1-2), 54-62.Journal article Pour, S. B., Norca, G. B., Fradette, L., Legros, R., & Tanguy, P. A. (2007). Solid-liquid and liquid-liquid mixing laboratory for chemical engineering undergraduates. Chemical Engineering Education, 41(2), 101-106.
- 2006
Journal article De Dobbeleer, C., Cloutier, M., Fouilland, M., Legros, R., & Jolicoeur, M. (2006). A high-rate perfusion bioreactor for plant cells. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 95(6), 1126-1137.Journal article Klvana, M., Chen, J. K., Lepine, F., Legros, R., & Jolicoeur, M. (2006). Analysis of Secondary Metabolites From Eschscholtzia Californica by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Phytochemical Analysis, 17(4), 236-242.Journal article Haderlein, A., Legros, R., & Ramsay, B. A. (2006). Pyrene Mineralization Capacity Increases With Compost Maturity. Biodegradation, 17(4), 293-302.
- 2004
Journal article Klvana, M., Legros, R., & Jolicoeur, M. (2004). In Situ extraction strategy affects benzophenanthridine alkaloid production fluxes in suspension cultures of Eschscholtzia californica. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 89(3), 280-289.Journal article Benali, M., & Legros, R. (2004). Thermal Processing of Particulate Solids in a Gas-Fired Pulse Combustion System. Drying Technology, 22(1-2), 347-362.
- 2003
Journal article Fenneteau, F., Aomari, H., Chahal, P., & Legros, R. (2003). Modeling of Scale-Down Effects on the Hydrodynamics of Expanded Bed Adsorption Columns. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 81(7), 790-799.
- 2001
Journal article Haderlein, A., Legros, R., & Ramsay, B. (2001). Enhancing Pyrene Mineralization in Contaminated Soil by the Addition of Humic Acids or Composted Contaminated Soil. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56(3-4), 555-559.Journal article Namkunkg, W., Guy, C., & Legros, R. (2001). Prediction of Solids Circulation Rate in the Riser of an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed (Icfb). Chemical Engineering Communications, 188(1), 47-58.
- 2000
Journal article Namkung, W., Guy, C., Boisselle, F., & Legros, R. (2000). Effect of Temperature on Gas Bypassing and Solids Circulation Rate in an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 78(6), 1025-1031.Journal article El-Naas, M. H., Rognon, S., Legros, R., & Mayer, R. C. (2000). Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Spouted Bed Dryer. Drying Technology, 18(1-2), 323-340.Journal article Mukadi, L., Guy, C., & Legros, R. (2000). Prediction of Gas Emissions in an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor for Treatment of Industrial Solid Wastes. Fuel, 79(9), 1125-1136.
- 1999
Journal article Macchi, A., Bi, H., Legros, R., & Chaouki, J. (1999). An Investigation of Heat Transfer From a Vertical Tube in a Spouted Bed. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 77(1), 45-53.Journal article Beaudin, N., Caron, R. F., Legros, R., Ramsay, J., & Ramsay, B. A. (1999). Identification of the Key Factors Affecting Composting of a Weathered Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil. Biodegradation, 10(2), 127-133.Journal article Mukadi, L., Guy, C., & Legros, R. (1999). Modeling of an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor for Thermal Treatment of Industrial Solid Wastes. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 77(2), 420-431.Journal article Sotudeh-Gharebaagh, R., Chaouki, J., & Legros, R. (1999). Natural gas combustion in a turbulent fluidized bed of inert particles. Chemical Engineering Science, 54(13-14), 2029-2037.Journal article Mukadi, L., Guy, C., & Legros, R. (1999). Parameter Analysis and Scale-up Considerations for Thermal Treatment of Industrial Waste in an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor. Chemical Engineering Science, 54(15-16), 3071-3078.Journal article Cassanello, M., Larachi, F., Legros, R., & Chaouki, J. (1999). Solids Dynamics From Experimental Trajectory Time-Series of a Single Particle Motion in Gas-Spouted Beds. Chemical Engineering Science, 54(13-14), 2545-2554.Journal article Haderlein, A., Aly-Hassan, M. C. B., Legros, R., & Ramsay, B. A. (1999). The Design and Use of Aerated Microcosms in Mineralization Studies. Biodegradation, 10(6), 437-442.
- 1998
Journal article Djeridane, T., Larachi, F., Roy, D., Chaouki, J., & Legros, R. (1998). Investigation of the Mean and Turbulent Particle Velocity Fields in a Spouted Bed Using Radioactive Particle Tracking. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 76(2), 190-195.Journal article Sotudeh-Gharebaagh, R., Legros, R., Chaouki, J., & Paris, J. (1998). Simulation of model circulating fluidized bed reactors using aspen plus. Fuel, 77(4), 327-337.
- 1997
Journal article Zhao, J. S., Brereton, C., Grace, J. R., Lim, C. J., & Legros, R. (1997). Gas concentration profiles and nox formation in circulating fluidized bed combustion. Fuel, 76(9), 853-860.Journal article Bi, H. T., Macchi, A., Chaouki, J., & Legros, R. (1997). Minimum spouting velocity of conical spouted beds. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 75(2), 460-465.
- 1996
Journal article Beaudin, N., Caron, R. F., Legros, R., Ramsay, J., Lawlor, L., & Ramsay, B. A. (1996). Cocomposting of weathered hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Compost Science & Utilization, 4(2), 37-45.
- 1995
Journal article Iordache, O., Bloise, Y., Chaouki, J., & Legros, R. (1995). Clusters in circulating fluidized beds: kinetic theory approach. Chemical Engineering Communications, 131(1), 53-71.Journal article Legros, R., Clift, R., & Millington, C. A. (1995). Development of a mobilization technique for fibrous materials. Powder Technology, 85(2), 105-114.
- 1994
Journal article Roy, D., Larachi, F., Legros, R., & Chaouki, J. (1994). A study of solid behavior in spouted beds using 3-D particle tracking. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 72(6), 945-952.Journal article Legros, R., Millington, C. A., & Clift, R. (1994). Drying of tobacco particles in a mobilized bed. Drying Technology, 12(3), 517-543.Journal article Zhai, J., Grace, J. R., Lim, C. J., Brereto, C. M. H., & Legros, R. (1994). Influence of operating parameters on NOitx emissions from a criculating fluidized bed combustor. Fuel, 73(10), 1650-1657.
- 1990
Journal article Li, H., Legros, R., Brereton, C. M. H., Grace, J. R., & Chaouki, J. (1990). Hydrodynamic behaviour of aerogel powders in high-velocity fluidized beds. Powder Technology, 60(2), 121-129.
- 2024
- Conference papers (34)
- 2022
Conference paper Provost-Savard, A., Majeau-Bettez, G., & Legros, R. (2022, June). Development of a regionalized recycling LCA collaborative tool [Paper]. Life Assessment and Other Assessment Tools for Waste Management and Ressource Optimization, Cetraro, Italy.
- 2018
Conference paper Van Engeland, C., Vidal, D., Spreutels, L., Legros, R., Haut, B., & Bertrand, F. (2018, September). Intermittent drying of yeast pellets : a multiscale modeling approach [Paper]. 21st International Drying Symposium (IDL 2019), Valencia, Spain.Conference paper Majeau-Bettez, G., Spreutels, L., Tanguay-Rioux, F., Viau, S., Samson, R., & Legros, R. (2018, June). Toward a parametrized and modular framework based on the integration of MFA and LCA for optimization of municipal solid wastes management [Paper]. 2nd Conference on Life Cycle Assessment of waste - Integrated Residual Resource Management and Assessment, Copenhagen.
- 2015
Conference paper Legros, R., Farand, P., Perrier, M., Bertrand, F., Dubois, C., & Klvana, D. (2015, October). Horizontal Integration of Core Courses in Chemical Engineering : 10 years after [Paper]. 65th CSChE Annual Meeting, Calgary, Alberta.
- 2014
Conference paper Harvey, V. C., Farand, P., Legros, R., & Tavares, J. R. (2014, October). On the average perception of perceived averages [Paper]. 64th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Niagara Falls, Ontario.
- 2013
Conference paper Spreutels, L., Legros, R., Chaouki, J., Bertrand, F., & Haut, B. (2013, October). Modeling of conical spouted bed drying using a multiscale approach [Paper]. 63rd CSChE Annual Conference, Fredericton, NB, Canada.Conference paper Spreutels, L., Haut, B., Chaouki, J., Bertrand, F., & Legros, R. (2013, August). Multiscale modeling of conical spouted bed drying applied to Baker's Yeast [Paper]. 9th world Congress of Chemical Engineering (WEEC9), Seoul, Korea.Conference paper Rohani, N. M., Ruis, C. P., Legros, R., & Stuart, P. R. (2013, May). Role of Process Intensification/Hybrid Systems in Biorefinery Separation Processes [Presentation]. In 63rd Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering (CSChE) Conference, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
- 2012
Conference paper Spreutels, L., Legros, R., Bertrand, F., Haut, B., Wylock, C., & Chaouki, J. (2012, May). Écoulement gaz-solide à jet conique : caractérisation par poursuite de particule radioactive [Paper]. 6e journées francophones sur les réacteurs gaz-liquide et gaz-liquide-solide (GLS6), Marrakech, Maroc.Conference paper Ajao, O., Rafione, T., Marinova, M., Legros, R., Fradette, L., & Paris, J. (2012, October). Opportunities for energy upgrading by means of an absoption heat pump in an integrated forest biorefinery [Paper]. 4th Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conference, Helsinki, Finlande.Conference paper Spreutels, L., Chaouki, J., Bertrand, F., Legros, R., & Haut, B. (2012, October). Solid trajectories and residence time distribution in conical spouted beds : effect of static bed height, air inlet velocity and draft tube [Paper]. 62nd CSChE Annual Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- 2011
Conference paper Spreutels, L., Bertrand, F., Chaouki, J., Haut, B., & Legros, R. (2011, September). Experimental characterization and modelling of Baker's yeast activity and viability during convetnional drying [Paper]. 1st European Congress of Applied Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany.Conference paper Spreutels, L., Legros, R., Bertrand, F., Haut, B., & Chaouki, J. (2011, September). Radioactive characterization of gas-solid flows in a conical spouted be [Paper]. 8th European Congress of Chemical Engineering, Berlin, Germany.Conference paper Spreutels, L., Chaouki, J., Bertrand, F., Haut, B., & Legros, R. (2011, October). Radioactive characterization of the gas residence time distribution in spouted beds [Paper]. 61st Annual CSChE Conference, London, Canada.
- 2010
Conference paper Spreutels, L., Debaste, F., Heilporn, C., Legros, R., Chaouki, J., Bertrand, F., & Haut, B. (2010, October). Development of a measurement technique for particle shrinkage during convective drying [Paper]. 17th International Drying Symposium, Magdeburg, Germany.Conference paper Spreutels, L., Debaste, F., Legros, R., Chaouki, J., Bertrand, F., & Haut, B. (2010, August). Shrinkage of baker's yeast during convective drying : measurement and modeling [Paper]. 19th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic.Conference paper Bakhtiari, B., Fradette, L., Legros, R., & Paris, J. (2010, May). Simulation et étude expérimentale d'une pompe à chaleur à absorption de type LiBr-H₂O [Paper]. Congrès français de thermique, Touquet.
- 2009
Conference paper Bakhtiari, B., Fradette, L., Legros, R., & Paris, J. (2009, August). Application of absorption heat pumps in the pulp and paper industry [Paper]. 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Energy & Environmental Protection, Dublin, Irlande.Conference paper Dubé, O., Bouffard, J., Legros, R., Bertrand, F., & Chaouki, J. (2009, August). Dynamics of mono-shaped non-spherical particles in a cylindrical tumbler [Paper]. 8th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, Montréal, Québec.Conference paper Quirion-Blais, O., Marinova, M., Mateos Espejel, E., Trépanier, M., Fradette, L., Legros, R., & Paris, J. (2009, March). Forest biorefinery-based eco-industrial clusters in canada : the energy challenge [Paper]. POLYCITY General Meeting, Barcelone, Espagne.Conference paper Bakhtiari, B., Fradette, L., Legros, R., & Paris, J. (2009, August). Opportunities for the integration of absorption heat pumps in the pulp and paper process [Paper]. 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Energy & Environmental Protection, Dublin, Ireland.Conference paper Bakhtiari, B., Fradette, L., Legros, R., & Paris, J. (2009, May). Une méthodologie systématique d'implantation de pompes à chaleur à absorption dans les procédés : Études de cas [Paper]. IXe Colloque Interuniversitaire Franco-québécois sur la thermique des systèmes, Lille, France.
- 2007
Conference paper Bakhtiari, B., Mateos, E., Legros, R., & Paris, J. (2007, February). Integration of an absorption heat pump in the kraft pulping process: feasibility study [Paper]. 93rd Annual Meeting Preprints-Book A.Conference paper Bakhtiari, B., Barapour, K., Legros, R., & Paris, J. (2007, May). Utilisation des pompes à chaleur à absorption dans l'industrie des procédés : revue de la situation [Paper]. VIIIième Colloque Interuniversitaire Franco-Québecois, Montréal, Québec.
- 2005
Conference paper Perrier, M., Bertrand, F., Dubois, C., Klvana, D., Legros, R., & Farand, P. (2005, June). A case study in curriculum integration of core courses in chemical engineering [Paper]. 2005 ELD/ASEE Annual Conference, Portland, Oregon, USA.Conference paper Perrier, M., Bertrand, F., Dubois, C., Klvana, D., Legros, R., & Farand, P. (2005, June). Integrating process control unit operations in a single core course of the chemical engineering curriculum [Paper]. 2nd Canadian Design Engineering Network Conference, Kananaskis, AB, Canada.
- 2004
Conference paper Bouffard, J., Dumont, H., Legros, R., & Bertrand, F. (2004, January). Development and optimization of a fluid bed rotogranulation process using factorial design [Paper]. 54th CDChE annual meeting, Calgary, Canada.
- 1999
Conference paper Haderlein, A., Legros, R., & Ramsay, B. B. (1999, June). Mineralization rates of hexadecane and pyrene during active composting of contaminated soil [Paper]. 31st Mid-Atlantic Industrial and Hazardous Waste Conference, Storrs, CT.
- 1998
Conference paper Boisselle, F., Mukadi, L., Guy, C., & Legros, R. A novel natural gas technology for thermal treatment of industrial wastes [Paper]. International Gas Research Conference.
- 1997
Conference paper Gueissaz-Teufel, M., Deschenes, L., Panneton, C., Lussier, K., Legros, R., & Samson, R. (1997, March). Comparison of biosurfactants and synthetic surfactants for soil washing [Paper]. 6th Groundwater and Soil Remediation Symposium, Montréal, Québec.Conference paper Mukadi, L., Lavallée, R. J., Legros, R., & Guy, C. (1997, May). Development of an internally circulating fluidized bed combustor for treatment of industrial solid wastes [Paper]. 14th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, Vancouver (Canada).Conference paper Panneton, C., Legros, R., Tremblay, P., Laberge, A., & Samson, R. Laboratory and pilot-scale studies of a surfactant-based aqueous soil washing process [Paper]. 6e Symposium et exposition sur la restauration des eaux souterraines et des sols contaminés.
- 1995
Conference paper Legros, R., Sotudeh-Gharebaagh, R., Paris, J., & Chaouki, J. (1995, May). Process simulation of a circulating fluidized bed coal combustor [Paper]. 13th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, Orlando, FL, USA.
- 1987
Conference paper Bereton, C., Chaouki, J., Grace, J. R., Legros, R., & Jeung, J. (1987, May). Hydrodynamic behavior of a silica aerogel powder in a circulating fluidized bed [Paper]. 37th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Montréal, Québec.
- 2022
- Book chapters (1)
- 2016
Book chapter Dagenais, M., Deschênes, J., McDonald, M., Baptiste, P., Mascle, C., Legros, R., Spreutels, L., Marinova, M., Perrier, M., & Frayret, J.-M. (2016). Les stratégies de circularité des ressources. In Sauvé, S., Normandin, D., & McDonald, M. (eds.), L'économie circulaire : une transition incontournable (pp. 37-63).
- 2016
- Patents (4)
- 2007
Patent Jolicoeur, M., Legros, R., De Dobbeleer, C., & Hisiger, S. (2007). High-rate perfusion bioreactor. (Patent Application no. WO2007071072).
- 2000
Patent Guy, C., Legros, R., Chaouki, J., Lavallée, R.-J., Bussac, L., Mauillon, L., & Mukadi, L. (2000). Granular bed process for thermally treating solid wastes in a flame. (Patent no. US6119607).
- 1999
Patent Legros, R., Chaouki, J., Bi, X. T., Macchi, A., & Ratnani, K. (1999). Spout-fluid bed dryer and granulator for the treatment of waste slurries. (Patent no. US5913588).
- 1998
Patent Legros, R., Chaouki, J., Ratnani, K., Bi, X. T., & Macchi, A. (1998). Spout-fluid bed dryer and granulator for the treatment of animal manure. (Patent no. US5809664).
- 2007