Readership
This book will be of great interest to students in
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering field, professional engineers, university
professors and researchers in universities, government and industry. It will also be of
interest to all researchers involved in theoretical, computational and experimental
methods used in wind turbine design and wind energy development.
Need
The depletion of global fossil fuel reserves combined
with mounting environmental concerns has served to focus attention on the
development of ecologically compatible and renewable "alternative" sources of energy.
Wind energy, with its impressive growth rate of 40% over the last five years, is the fastest
growing alternate source of energy in the world since its purely economic potential is
complemented by its great positive environmental impact. The wind turbine, whether it may
be a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) or a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), offers a
practical way to convert the wind energy into electrical or mechanical energy. Although
this book focuses on the aerodynamic design and performance of VAWTs based on the Darrieus
concept, it also discusses the comparison between HAWTs and VAWTs, future trends in design
and the inherent socio-economic and environmental friendly aspects of wind energy as an
alternate source of energy.
Subject
The book is divided into ten chapters which are
presented in a logical manner. The content is easy to follow and each chapter has its own
conclusions. The innovative nature of this book is in its comprehensive review of
state-of-the-art in VAWTs, correlation of existing knowledge base and the more recent
developments in understanding the physics of flow associated with the Darrieus type
vertical axis wind turbine. The principal theories and aerodynamic models for performance
calculations are presented with experimental data, not only from laboratory measurements
but also from real prototypes. The unsteady aerodynamics of Darrieus type VAWTs is dealt
with in detail in chapter 5. A CFD model based on the streamfunction-vorticity formulation
of the Navier-Stokes equations is presented to study the highlight unsteady effects that
may influence design and performance.
The real essence of the book is in chapter 6 which provides a practical design model for
the Darrieus type VAWTs based on the double-multiple-streamtube model, originally
developed by the author. Several software programs (e.g. CARDAAV) for performance
calculations are described : several rotor geometries, conventional and natural laminar
flow airfoils, dynamic stall effects, secondary effects and stochastic wind model.
The subsequent chapters present aerodynamic load
and performance data from water channel and wind tunnel experiments, the state-of-the-art
innovative aerodynamic devices as applied to VAWTs and the future trends in the
design of Darrieus type wind turbine.
Finally, chapter 10 deals with the environmental
and social aspects of wind energy since it is an emerging environmental technology of
great impact and value, and not just a commercial venture.
The Author
Ion Paraschivoiu enjoys a good reputation in the wind
energy fraternity for his significant contributions to the theory of the aerodynamic
performance of the Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine. His software programs for these
calculations, described in the book, have been used successfully by others for design
purposes and to assist in the evaluation of VAWT field tests. Dr. Ion Paraschivoiu is
J.-A. Bombardier Aeronautical Chair Professor at École Polytechnique de Montréal where
he is teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in Aerodynamics. His other research
interests include application of advanced aerodynamics methods in the study of aircraft
icing, drag prediction and laminar-flow control.
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 - Wind Energy
Wind Definition and Characteristics
Wind Turbines
Wind Energy Applications
Benefits and Obstacles in Wind Energy Development
Overview of Wind Energy Development
Wind Energy Developed in the World
Chapter 2 - State-of-the-Art of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines
The Madaras Rotor Concept
Savonius Rotor
Drag-Driven Device
Lift-Driven Device
Giromill
Vortex Modelling Cross-Wind Axis Machine
Aerodynamic Characteristics
Chapter 3 - The Darrieus Wind-Turbine Concept
Introduction
Geometry of the Darrieus Rotor
Chapter 4 - Aerodynamic Performance Prediction Models
Single Streamtube Model
Multiple Streamtubes Model
Vortex Models
A High Speed Lifting Line Model for Darrieus Turbines
Local-Circulation Model
Chapter 5 - Unsteady Aerodynamics CFD Models
Introduction
Numerical Procedure
Turbulence Modelling
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 6 - Double-Multiple-Streamtube :
A Practical Design Model
Double Actuator Disk Theory
Double Actuator Disk Momentum Theory
Blade Element Theory
Double-Multiple-Streamtube Model for Studying Darrieus Turbine
Aerodynamic Analysis of the Darrieus Wind Turbines Including Dynamic-Stall Effects
Darrieus Rotor Aerodynamics in Turbulent Wind
Comparison between DMS Model and Other Computer Codes
Blade Tip and Finite Aspect Ratio Effects on the Darrieus Rotor
Performance Predictions of VAWTs with SNL Airfoil Blades
CARDAAV Software
Chapter 7 - Aerodynamic Loads and Performance Tests
Water Channel Experiments
Wind Tunnel Experiments
Field Test of Darrieus Wind Turbines
Commercial Prototype Wind Turbines
Measurements and Prediction of Aerodynamic Torques for a Darrieus Wind Turbine
Chapter 8 - Innovative Aerodynamic Devices for Darrieus Rotor
Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) Airfoils and Tapered Blades
Aerobrakes
Vortex Generators
Pumped Spoiling
Toe-in-Angle Effects
Blade Camber
Blade Roughness (Soiling), Blade Icing and Parasite Drag Effects
Chapter 9 - Future Trends Design of Darrieus Wind Turbine
Wind Turbine Design Parameters
Darrieus Wind Turbine Design
Comparison between Horizontal-Axis and Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines
Chapter 10 - Acceptability, Environmental and Social Aspects
of Wind Energy
Introduction
Environmental Aspects
Gas Emissions : Wind and Other Energy Sources
Public Attitude in Different Countries
Social Impact
Wind Power and Traditional Power Sources
Index by Author |
