Surrogate Measures of Safety
Projects
- Similarity of interactions
- Minimal road user interaction simulation
- Vision zero and its operationalization (safe systems)
Resources
Good starting points are the reports from the InDeV project, in particular the review of current study methods for VRU safety (Appendix 6) and handbook for safety of vulnerable road users.
A natural home for everything related to SMoS is the International Cooperation on Theories and Concepts in Traffic safety (ICTCT), with its subcommittee. There was a TRB subcommittee for at least two decades, but it last met in 2025.
Another are the following papers:
- Andrew Tarko: book https://www.elsevier.com/books/measuring-road-safety-with-surrogate-events/tarko/978-0-12-810504-7 and chapter https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S2044-994120180000011019/full/html?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Transport_and_Sustainability_TrendMD_0
- N. Saunier and A. Laureshyn. Surrogate Measures of Safety, Encyclopedia of Transportation, 2:662-667, Elsevier, 2021 http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10197-6
The following PhD theses are also very good starting points to understand the topic, in particular the work of Svensson which bridges the traditional traffic conflict techniques and new, more disaggregated, approaches.
- Yastremska-Kravchenko, Oksana Microscopic behaviour analysis using video recordings : A perspective on vulnerable road users https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/afdb397a-ba27-4685-8c57-1334046e2d5b
- St-Aubin, P. Driver Behaviour and Road Safety Analysis Using Computer Vision and Applications in Roundabout Safety, 2016 https://publications.polymtl.ca/2272/
- Mohamed, M. G. Automatic Behavior Analysis and Understanding of Collision Processes Using Video Sensors, 2015 Polytechnique Montréal https://publications.polymtl.ca/1784/
- Bagadadi, O. The development of methods for detection and assessment of safety critical events in car driving, 2012 http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A674143&dswid=2561 (warnings about the unclear vocabulary and limited sample sizes)
- Laureshyn, A. Application of automated video analysis to road user behaviour Lund University, 2010 https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/application-of-automated-video-analysis-to-road-user-behaviour (Paper 1 on p 93 (unpublished as far as I know) provides a very exhaustive list of safety indicators)
- Svensson, A. A Method for Analyzing the Traffic Process in a Safety Perspective University of Lund, 1998. https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/a-method-for-analysing-the-traffic-process-in-a-safety-perspectiv
- Ismail, K. Application of computer vision techniques for automated road safety analysis and traffic data collection University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29546
- Archer, J. Methods for the Assessment and Prediction of Traffic Safety at Urban Intersections and their Application in Micro-simulation Modelling Royal Institute of Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143
- Cunto, F. Assessing Safety Performance of Transportation Systems using Microscopic Simulation University of Waterloo, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4111
Other ressources:
- Journals: Traffic Safety Research
- Vision zero and safe systems: https://carsp.ca/en/news-and-resources/road-safety-information/vision-zero-and-the-safe-system-approach/ https://www.tac-atc.ca/wp-content/uploads/prm-vzss-e.pdf
- white paper by the TRB subcommittee on surrogate measures of safety: http://n.saunier.free.fr/saunier/stock/tarko09surrogate.pdf
- white paper of the SAE committee on surrogate measures of safety: http://papers.sae.org/wp-0005/
- the software tool to evaluate traffic micro-simulation in terms of safety:
- new SSAM https://www.itsforge.net/index.php/community/explore-applications#/35/143
- old version of SSAM from FHWA (reports http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/03050/index.htm http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/08051/)
Old documents:
- FHWA's manual: Traffic Conflict Techniques for Safety and Operations: Observer's Manual http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/88027/index.cfm
I wrote lecture notes for a course given at McGill and online in Canada's national transportation course: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/179169/notes-surrogates.pdf.
